Essay On HUMAN RIGHTS
Definition
Human rights are those rights which are fun damental for the human life. These rights recognise the basic human needs and demands. It is expected that every civilised state will incorporate these rights in its Constitution and try to ensure that its citizens enjoy them. In the present day world, there is a lot of concern about the protection of human rights. The United Nations has adopted a Charter of Human Rights and it asks the governments to respect these rights of their citizens. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which the UN adopted on 10 December, 1948 enumerates some important basic rights of humans.
Basic Human Rights
These are right to life, liberty and security of person, right to freedom of speech, judicial remedy, freedom to movement, right to take part in the governace of one’s country.
Economic and Social Rights
The second type of rights are economic and social rights. The rights include in this group are also very important. These are all members should have the right to work, to have a good standard of living, right to rest and leisure, right to education and equal pay for equal work. The UN has taken a great deal of interest in the abolition of discrimination against women. One of the most serious cases of violations of human rights is the case of racial discrimination.
Problems about Human Rights in Different Societies
The problems about human rights vary from society to society. In some societies, political and civil rights are not given or guaranteed to all its citizens. In other societies, economic and social rights are not enforced. The importance of the human rights movement is that it tells people that one cannot call a society a good and a just society until all its citizens enjoy these human rights. The basic idea behind human rights is that human beings should try to end all kinds of unjust discrimination. One of the most unjust discrimination is the discrimination on the basis of race. South Africa, for example, had for quite some time practised a policy called Apartheid. It meant that the black people, who were in majority in South Africa had no political rights. The country was ruled by a minority regime of whites. The UN passed resolution to condemn its racist policy. Most countries of the non-aligned movement including India, did not have diplomatic relations with South Africa.
Civil and Political Rights to South Africans
Fortunately South Africa after a long struggle has undergone a significant change. For the first time in its history the people of South Africa have an elected Black President, Nelson Mandela, on the basis of ‘one person one vote’. Civil and political rights have been extended to all the people of South Africa irrespective of race, colour and creed.
Fundamental Rights in Democratic States
There are many cases of violation of human rights in different parts of the world. For the prosperity and happiness of human beings every nation must create such conditions in which the Human Rights are ensured to its citizens. We are lucky. We have democracy, India being a democratic country, provides such rights to its citizens and allows them freedom of expression. These rights, which are called ‘Fundamental Rights’ form an important part of the Constitution of India.
Constitutional Protection
These rights are fundamental in three different ways. Firstly, these are basic human rights. As human beings we have the right to enjoy these rights. Secondly, the Constitution gives us these rights and guarantees them because it believes that these rights are necessary if citizens are to act properly and live democratically. Thirdly, effective procedure for the enforcement of these Fundamental Rights have been guaranteed in the Constitution itself. A citizen has the right to go to the court of law if she/he is denied these rights. The Constitution is there to safeguard her/his rights.
Classification of Fundamental Rights
As mentioned in our Constitution :
(1) Right to Equality (ii) Right to Freedom (iii) Right Against Exploitation (iv) Right to Freedom of Religion (v) Cultural and Educational Rights (vi) Right to Constitutional Remedies.
Conclusion
There are many cases of violation of human rights in different countries of the world. There can be no permanent and regular prosperity of human beings unless every country or nation creates such conditions in which human rights are enjoyed by its natives.
Vocabulary
Proceducre- process, Constitution- government ruling record, संविधान|
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